EIElectronics Information

Ohm's Law & Power

Three variables, two equations — once you can rearrange V=IR and P=IV confidently, you can answer the majority of EI calculation questions.

Formula Reference

  • Ohm's Law: V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance)
  • Rearranged: I = V/R and R = V/I
  • Power (basic): P = IV (Power = Current × Voltage)
  • Power (resistance form): P = I²R
  • Power (voltage form): P = V²/R
  • Energy: E = P × t (Power × time, units: Watt-hours or Joules)

What the ASVAB is actually testing

Ohm's Law and power calculations make up the core of the Electronics Information (EI) subtest. The questions are predictable: you get two values, asked for a third. The entire section rewards knowing three equations and being able to rearrange them quickly under time pressure.

Ohm's Law: the foundation

V = IR — Voltage equals Current times Resistance.

Think of it like water pressure in a pipe: voltage is the pressure, current is the flow rate, and resistance is how narrow the pipe is. More resistance, less current for the same voltage.

Memorize the triangle shortcut:

    V
  -----
  I × R

Cover what you want to find — the remaining arrangement is your formula:

  • Cover V → V = I × R
  • Cover I → I = V / R
  • Cover R → R = V / I

Power: two forms you need

P = IV works when you have both current and voltage.

When you only have current and resistance, skip the middle step: P = I²R

When you only have voltage and resistance: P = V²/R

All three give the same answer for the same circuit. Use whichever saves you a calculation step.

The doubling trap

Test makers love asking what happens to power when you change one variable:

  • Double voltage (constant R) → power quadruples (P = V²/R — V is squared)
  • Double current (constant R) → power quadruples (P = I²R — I is squared)
  • Double resistance (constant V) → power halves (P = V²/R — R is in denominator)

Recognizing the squared relationship is faster than recalculating from scratch.

Units to keep straight

Symbol Quantity Unit
V Voltage Volt (V)
I Current Ampere (A)
R Resistance Ohm (Ω)
P Power Watt (W)

Don't let the variable V (voltage) and the unit V (Volt) trip you up — context makes them clear.

Study approach

Write out all three power formulas on a scratch card and drill substitution problems. The EI section moves fast — you want Ohm's Law rearrangements to be automatic so you can spend your time on the harder circuit-type questions.

Common Pitfalls

  • Solving for the wrong variable — always identify what the question asks for before rearranging
  • Mixing up units: Voltage (V, Volts), Current (I, Amperes/amps), Resistance (R, Ohms Ω), Power (P, Watts)
  • Using P = IV when you only have V and R — switch to P = V²/R to avoid an extra step
  • Forgetting that doubling current quadruples power dissipated in a resistor (P = I²R — current is squared)

Worked Examples

Q1: A circuit has a voltage of 12 V and a resistance of 4 Ω. What is the current?

Answer: I = V/R = 12 V ÷ 4 Ω = 3 A

Q2: A resistor draws 3 A at 12 V. How much power does it dissipate?

Answer: P = IV = 3 A × 12 V = 36 W. Check: P = I²R = 9 × 4 = 36 W ✓

Q3: A 60 W bulb runs on 120 V. What is its resistance?

Answer: P = V²/R → R = V²/P = (120)²/60 = 14400/60 = 240 Ω

Q4: If current through a resistor doubles, what happens to the power it dissipates?

Answer: P = I²R — current is squared, so doubling I multiplies power by 4. Power quadruples.

Loading practice questions...